Annexure I	Summary of Stakeholder Workshop Outcomes
Annexure II	Statement Slums in Nanded City
Annexure III	Summary of Municipal Finances
Annexure IV	Demand-Supply Gap Assessment & Costing
Annexure V-A	Financial Operating Plan - Projection of Municipal Cash Flows
Annexure V-B	Working Sheets for Municipal Cash Flow Projections
Annexure V-C	Projects Sanctioned by Government of Maharashtra for Gur ta Gaddi Tercentenary Celebrations
Annexure V-D	Investment Phasing and Related Workings

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: Demographic Profile of Nanded District 7

Table 2: Institutional Matrix for Urban Service Delivery. 14

Table 3: Population Trends in Nanded. 20

Table 4: Demographic Data of Nanded City as per Census of India 2001. 20

Table 5: Occupation Pattern in Nanded (1991 Census) 21

Table 6: Occupation Pattern in Nanded (2001 Census) 22

Table 7: Lodging Infrastructure in Nanded City. 27

Table 8: Existing Landuse of North Nanded, 1996. 32

Table 9: Proposed Landuse in North Nanded, 2015. 33

Table 10: Chronology of Water Supply System Development in Nanded. 53

Table 11: Water Sources for Nanded City. 55

Table 12: Water Treatment Facilities in Nanded City. 56

Table 13: Summary of Water Storage Reservoirs in Nanded. 56

Table 14: Summary of the Sewage Collection System in Nanded. 60

Table 15: Summary of Storm Water Drainage Network in Nanded. 65

Table 16: Summary of Street lighting in Nanded. 71

Table 17: Summary of Emergency Response Equipment 72

Table 18: Summary of Emergency Response Calls Attended. 72

Table 19: Summary of Health Facilities in Nanded. 74

Table 20: Summary of Education Facilities in Nanded. 75

Table 21: Summary of Municipal Fund. 80

Table 22: Summary of Assets & Liabilities as of 31^st March 2005. 81

Table 23: Computation of % Establishment Expenditure to Municipal Income. 87

Table 24: Department-wise Revenue Expenditure of NWCMC.. 88

Table 25: Population Projection. 122

Table 26: Summary of Sectoral Investment Requirements. 130

Table 27: NWCMC’s Share of Approved Gur ta Gaddi Works vis-à-vis City requirements. 131

Table 28: Proposed Investment Phasing. 131

Table 29: Assumptions in Projection of Revenue Income. 133

Table 30: Assumptions in Projection of Revenue Expenditure. 136

Table 31: Assumptions for Additional O&M expenditure due to Proposed Investments. 137

Table 32: Assumptions for Additional Revenues as a result of Proposed Investments. 137

Table 33: Assumed Sector-wise Funding Pattern. 138

Table 34: Sustainable Annual Investment 139

Table 35Funding Plan for Sustainable Investment 139

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1: Organization Structure of NWCMC – Elected Wing. 17

Figure 2: Organization Structure of NWCMC – Executive Wing. 18

Figure 3: Map of Nanded City. 31

Figure 4: Proposed Landuse Plan of Nanded, 2015. 34

Figure 5: Map showing key components of the Water Supply System.. 59

Figure 6: Map showing key Components of the Sewerage System.. 62

Figure 7: Population Trends in Nanded. 121

Figure 8: Preliminary Concept Plan for Riverfront Development 141

Figure 9: Glimpses of Proposed Riverfront Development Components. 142

Figure 10: Priority Roads for the Gur ta Gaddi Tercentenary Celebrations. 148

I. Introduction

1. Urban India Today

Urbanization was the driving force for the faster economic growth that India experienced during the 1990s. Estimates of urban areas’ contribution to the gross domestic product are on the order of 50 to 60 percent, well above the level of urbanization itself (28 percent in 2001). India’s overall demographic figures of rural-urban divide do not reveal that a sizeable part of the country has reached much higher levels of urbanization than the national average. Economic growth is thus highly dependent on the fortunes of urban areas and their ability to attract investment and increase productivity. However, rapid urbanization and under-investment in urban infrastructure have resulted in serious environmental and health problems in India’s cities. Urban households across India, particularly the poor and disenfranchised, continue to have limited access to potable water, sanitation, drainage, and solid waste disposal facilities.

Despite the contribution to economic growth by the urban sector, successive five-year plans of the Government of India (GOI) stressed rural development in general and neglected balanced urban development. It was not until the 8^th Plan (1993–1997) that the role and importance of the urban sector was explicitly recognized. Since then, the context of urban development has changed significantly in India, governed by the country’s focus on economic liberalization and financial sector reform with a new emphasis on decentralization. However, despite the government’s priority on developing urban infrastructure and providing essential municipal services to reduce urban poverty and prevent further environmental degradation, the sector shows large inefficiencies in service delivery, inadequate investments to expand service coverage, and a lack of asset maintenance.

Notwithstanding urban India’s problems, new opportunities have emerged. The momentum for urban sector reform was provided in 1992 with the passage of the 74^th Constitution Amendment Act (CAA). The 74^th CAA was intended to create a democratic governance structure, with local responsibilities being assumed and managed locally. The amendment addressed the relationship between the state governments and municipal governments, and laid the foundation for a new approach to urban management and governance regarding improved municipal service delivery.

Another key instrument governing India’s urban sector reform is the country’s 10^th Five-Year Plan (2002–2007) prepared by the Planning Commission. The 10^th Plan proposes an eight percent growth rate for the economy and focuses on four basic themes: high growth, equitable growth, human development and reforms. With 80 percent of plan allocation targeting social expenditure, the 10^th Plan aims to alleviate poverty through access to education, health care, potable water, and sanitation. The 10^th Plan also focuses on good governance as a cross-cutting issue and identifies the declining role of government in the provision of services – with emphasis on developing private enterprise participation in public service delivery and providing an improved regulatory environment.

The GOI’s Ministry of Urban Development and Poverty Alleviation (MOUDPA) is expected to achieve the 10^th Plan’s vision. MOUDPA’s agenda to address growth, urban service delivery and the infrastructure gap at the municipal level revolves around the management, governance and creditworthiness of local governments. The Pooled Finance Development Scheme (PFDS), the City Challenge Fund (CCF), and the Urban Reforms Initiative Fund (URIF) are examples of innovative central government funding initiatives to support the GOI’s urban agenda.

The Jawaharlal Nehru Nation Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM) is the latest initiative of the Government of India, which emphasizes, like never before the Government’s commitment to address the urban sector agenda in the country.

2. About JNNURM

The National Common Minimum Program of the Government of India attaches the highest priority to the development and expansion of physical infrastructure as one of the key inputs to overall economic development. Appreciating the contribution and potential of urban areas to the country’s economic growth, the Government of India has devised a comprehensive program of urban renewal and expansion of social housing in towns and cities, paying attention to the need of slum dwellers – the Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM). This seven-year program (FY 2005-06 to FY 2011-12) is also expected to ensure India’s commitment to achieving the Millennium Development Goal – to facilitate investments in the urban sector; and to strengthen the existing policies in order to achieve these goals.

Launched on December 03, 2005 by the Honorable Prime Minister of India, Dr. Manmohan Singh, the JNNURM Mission Statement is “… to encourage reforms and fast track planned development of identified cities. Focus is to be on efficiency in urban infrastructure and service delivery mechanisms, community participation and accountability of ULBs (Urban Local Bodies)/ Parastatal agencies towards citizens.”[1]

The objectives of JNNURM, as listed in the JNNURM toolkit, are “to ensure that the following are achieved in the urban sector:

a. Focused attention to integrated development of infrastructure services in cities covered under the Mission;

b. Establishment of linkages between asset-creation and asset-management through a slew of reforms for long-term project sustainability;.

c. Ensuring adequate funds to meet the deficiencies in urban infrastructure services;.

d. Planned development of identified cities including peri-urban areas, outgrowths and urban corridors leading to dispersed urbanization;

e. Scale-up delivery of civic amenities and provision of utilities with emphasis on universal access to the urban poor;

f. Special focus on urban renewal program for the old city areas to reduce congestion; and

g. Provision of basic services to the urban poor including security of tenure at affordable prices, improved housing, water supply and sanitation, and ensuring delivery of other existing universal services of the government for education, health and social security.”

The JNNURM provides both incentive as well as support for undertaking reforms at State and Cities level while striving to create the right framework for participatory planning and development and enhancing creditworthiness of urban local bodies so as to help them leverage substantial grants to attract greater private investments for sustainable urban development.

Sixty-three cities / urban agglomerations (UA) have been identified for assistance under the JNNURM. These are classified as:

a. Category A: Cities / UA with population of 4 million and above as per 2001 census (7 cities)

b. Category B: Cities / UA with population of 1 million and above as per 2001 census (28 cities)

c. Category C: Other selected cities/ UA, including state capitals and cities/ UA of religious/ historic and tourist importance (28 cities)

Nanded city, by virtue of its historic and cultural significance is an eligible city under Category C, entitling it to 80 percent capital grant from the Central Government and 10 percent grant from the State Government as per JNNURM funding pattern.

Nanded city is home to a living community and has a history that dates back to over 7 centuries. With a population of 4.3 lakh (2001 census) it is the second largest city in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra state. The city and its immediate region, famed for its socio-cultural uniqueness and endowed with the river Godavari and several places of religious monuments / significance, is most popular for the Takhat Sachkhand Shri Hazur Abchalnagar Sahib Gurudwara (Sachkhand Gurudwara), one of the five Takhats of the Sikh religion. It is in Nanded that Shri Guru Gobind Singh, the last living Sikh Guru consecrated the Holy Granth Sahib as the eternal Guru of Sikhism on October 28, 1708, before departing for his heavenly abode (parlok gaman) on October 30, 1708. The event and location where the consecration took place is referred to as the Gur ta Gaddi (Throne of the Guru). The city will host Gur ta Gaddi Tercentenary Celebrations in October 2008, to commemorate the 300^th year of the holy events of Sikhism, which are expected to be attended by millions of devotees from all over the country and the world.

The city administration – Nanded Waghala City Municipal Corporation (NWCMC) – the District Administration, the Sachkhand Gurudwara Board and the citizens of Nanded are working in tandem to ensure a safe and memorable hosting of event. They are viewing the event and associated funding assistance from the State & Central Governments and proposed funding assistance under the JNNURM as an opportunity to be leveraged to kick start a transformation of the city into a vibrant economic hub conserving and show casing its inherent socio-cultural strengths, and ensuring sustainable overall development.

As per the JNNURM strategy for achieving its objectives, each eligible city intending to access assistance under the Mission is expected to formulate a comprehensive City Development Plan (CDP) indicating policies, programs and strategies and financing plans, before seeking funding for specific projects. The CDP is expected to be formulated through a consultative process, articulating the stakeholders’ perceptions and aspirations for their city and drawing of strategies aimed at achieving them in a sustainable and equitable manner.

3. City Development Plan for Nanded – The Process

The City Development Plan for Nanded is formulated on the basis of a shared Vision of its citizens, articulated through a series of stakeholder consultations.[2] The plan horizon is for a period of 25 years from 2006 to 2025. The Nanded Waghala City Municipal Corporation (NWCMC) and the District Administration had commenced consultations on the city’ s needs and priorities way back in 2003, initially in the context of the Gur ta Gaddi Tercentenary celebrations and subsequently with a long-term development objective. The procedure for formulation of the CDP and identification of specific strategies and projects / programs is an iterative one involving an incremental consultation framework, beginning with a “state of the city” assessment, consensus-building on city development issues and priorities, articulating the City Vision 2025 and strategy options to address the city’s Vision and identifying specific projects and actions for implementation.

While the focus of the CDP is on achieving the larger Vision 2025 through a broad Strategic and Capital Investment Plan, it identifies specific project / interventions / actions to be undertaken in the short term 2006 to 2011.

The projects / interventions / actions identified for implementation in the short term are further prioritized and phased in two phases, viz.

a. Projects to be implemented pre-March 2008, in order to service the Gur ta Gaddi Tercentenary Celebration requirements

b. Projects to be implemented post-March 2008 by 2010-11 addressing other city-wide requirements and priorities

The CDP culminates in a financial operating plan to assess the investment sustenance capacity of the Municipal Corporation and test the impacts of the proposed reform measures for revenue enhancement.

II. Introduction to Nanded City

1. Regional Setting

Nanded city with a jurisdiction of about 51.76 km, is the headquarters of Nanded District in the Marathwada Region [3] of Maharashtra state. It is the second largest urban center in the Marathwada region (population of 4,30,733 as per 2001 Census), after Aurangabad.

The district of Nanded lies in the border of Maharashtra and shares boundaries with Yavatmal District in the north, Parbhani, Latur and Osmanabad Districts in the west, Bidar District of Karnataka in the south and Nizamabad & Adilabad Districts of Andhra Pradesh in the east. With population of 28,68,158 (2001 Census) is among the most backward districts of the state of Maharashtra. It ranks 29^th in terms of literacy rate (68.5 percent) in the state of Maharashtra and has a workforce participation rate of about 42.8 percent. About 80 percent of the workforce is engaged in agriculture and allied activities, 4 percent in cottage and household industries and about 5.15 percent in trade and commerce.

Table 1: Demographic Profile of Nanded District

1	Total Number of Households	523,539
2	Total Population	28,68,158
	Male	14.76 lakh
	Female	13.91 lakh
3	%age of Urban Population to Total Population	28.29 %
4	Population density	272
5	Literacy Rate	68.52%
	Male Literacy	81.14%
	Female Literacy	55.12 %

1.1. Location & Regional Linkages

Nanded city is located at 18°30' North latitude and 77°10' East longitude at about 489 meters above mean sea level. It is about 260 km each from Aurangabad and Hyderabad and about 300 km from Nagpur.

Nanded is regionally linked by road to other urban areas by Major State Highway (MSH) 6 to Degloor in the south east towards Hyderabad, MSH 2 to Bhokar in the north east and Latur in the south east, MSH 3 to Hadgaon in the north, MSH 6 to Madgaon in the north west, SH 44 to Purna in the west, and SH 223 to Kandhar & SH 224 to Osmannagar in the south.

In terms of railway connectivity, Nanded is part of the South-Central Railway Division of the Indian Railway. It lies on the Mumbai-Secunderabad railway line. It is serviced by direct rail connectivity to Mumbai, Secunderabad and Amritsar (via Delhi).

Nanded city has an airstrip, developed and maintained by Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation (MIDC) that is capable of handling only small private aircrafts. While there is no commercial air traffic, it is currently used for landing of private aircrafts and senior Government dignitaries visiting Nanded. Government of Maharashtra through MIDC is presently upgrading the existing infrastructure to facilitate regular commercial flights between Nanded and other important cities. The closest regular airports are at Aurangabad and Hyderabad

1.2. Climate and Rainfall

The climate of the city is generally dry except during southwest monsoon season that sets in the first week of June and lasts about 2.5 to 3 months. The average annual rainfall in the city is about 901 mm and temperature range is between 46°centigrade (maximum) to 18°centigrade (minimum).

1.3. Soil and Topology

The city has fertile black cotton soil as in the rest of the Godavari valley. The natural topography of the city converges towards the river on either side

2. Historical and Cultural Background of Nanded

Nanded city has a long history of over 7 centuries. There has been no specific exploration to establish the prehistoric accounts of Nanded, it finds mention in accounts of the Vedic period in various literary sources.

2.1. Ancient Period

As no exploration or excavation of any site in Nanded district has yet been undertaken, it is not possible to give an account of the prehistoric period of the region. Accounts of the Vedic period are however available in literary sources. It is known through these sources that when the Aryans penetrated into Deccan, the whole region was covered by a thick jungle, which extended southward from Central India. As early as the Rig Veda, India’s seven divine mother-rivers, are mentioned: the Sindhu (Indus), the Saraswati, and the ‘Five-Rivers’ of the Punjab. Later on, as the Aryans moved farther south, the Ganges is mentioned among the great rivers. By the time of the Puranas, the seven sacred rivers are no longer concentrated in the northwest, but extend throughout India: the ancient Sindhu and Saraswati, the Ganges and the Yamuna in the north, the Narmada and the Godavari in Central India, and the Kaveri farther south. Sometimes the seven are called the Seven Ganges. The elevated sites on the banks of the rivers were chosen for settlement. The Kashi Khanda tells us, that the sage Agastya wandered the lovely banks of the Godavari River. Agastya was the first Aryan who crossed the Vindhya and fixed his residence on the bank of the Godavari. He was followed by several other sages who established their hermitages in different regions of the south. The cluster of hermitages on the bank of the Godavari was called jana-sthana to distinguish it from the surrounding forest country. The sages were constantly harassed by the original inhabitants of the region who are called Raksasas in the Ramayana.

It is said that during the Puranic days, Pandavas traveled through Nanded district. Nandas ruled over Nanded through generations. Nanded was also ruled by the Satavahanas, the Chalukyas, the Kakatiyas followed by the Yadavas who were the last of the Hindu dynasties to have ruled over this part.

2.2. Medieval Period

During the very first invasion by the Mohammedan this territory subjugated to them and after a few years it became a part of the fief of Malik Kafur, the general of Alauddin Khilji. The Yadava rule was finally extinguished in 1318 A.D, after which the region began to be ruled by the governors appointed by the emperors of Delhi. The district of Nanded thus for the first time passed under Mohammedan rule. Later on the area came under the Bahamanis. The famous prime minister of the Bahamanis Mahmud Gavan resided at Nanded and the Vazirabad part of the city was established by him. With the disintegration of the Bahamani Empire, Baridsahi, Nizamsahi, Imadsahi and Adilsahi ruled over parts of this territory until it finally passed on to the Mughals. Many of the battles between the Mughals and Malik Ambar were fought on this soil as is clearly brought, out by Takamil-e-Akabar Nama. The Sahajahan Nama mentions Nanded as the capital of the district of Telangana. During Aurangzeb’s time Nanded was one of the sarkars of the subha of Bidar. In 1708, Bhadur Shah, son of Aurangzeb accompanied by Guru Govind Singh the tenth spiritual leader of the Sikhs came to Nanded. It was Guru Gobind Singh that preached amongst the Sikhs that there need not be any spiritual leader for them and they should adopt the holy Granth Saheb as their leader. A monument has been constructed at the place where he breathed his last. A Gurudwara has also been constructed there – Sachkhand Shri Hazur Abchalnagar Sahib Gurudwara (Sachkhand Gurudwara).

The district became the part of the Hyderabad kingdom in 1725 when the Nizam permanently opted for the Deccan and continued to be so till 1947.

2.3. Modern Period

With India getting freedom and the consequent police action against the Hyderabad State, the district forming part of the Marathwada region of the Hyderabad State became part of the bilingual Bombay State and consequent upon the creation of Maharashtra state, the district of Nanded became part of it.

2.4. Historical Reconstruction of the Evolution of Nanded City

The ancient city of Nanded developed on the north bank of the famed Godavari River revered as the Ganga of Central India. Literary sources establish that Godavari River had religious significance since the ancient times and sages settled on its banks. When the Aryans moved into Deccan, the whole region extending southward from Central India was covered by thick jungle. The elevated sites on the bank of the river were chosen for the settlements. It is probable that they would have settled in cluster of hermitages on the bank of the Godavari (the site of the present city) marking the humble beginnings of Nanded. The modest hermitages of the sages would have formed the landmarks around which the settlement subsequently developed. The geographic limitation of the Godavari forced the settlement to expand outwards moving away from its banks. The movement paths of the inhabitants over a period of time evolved into streets, lanes and by lanes. The settlement grew in an organic manner in accordance with the topography of the area.

The copper plate found at Vasim, (known as Vatsagulma in ancient times) indicates that Nanded was formerly known as Nandi-tat. The inscription clearly mentions . The myths associated with the name of the city also point towards its ancient roots. It is believed that the city derived its name from Nandi-tat, the place on the banks of Godavari where Nandi, the Vahan of Shiva is said to have performed penance. Some believe that Nine Rishis known as Nand performed penance on the banks of the river and hence the name Nandi-tat. The present name is a distortion of the original name.

The mention of the ancient city of Nanded is found in the Lilacaritra, a treatise written about 700 years ago by Mhaimbhatta. It gives the description of the idol of Narsimha in the town, which is still present in the Historic area. This evidence establishes that the town is at least 700 years old. However detailed studies need to be undertaken to corroborate the above observations and ascertain the historical growth and evolution of the city.

3. A. Gur ta Gaddi Tercentenary Celebrations in Nanded

In October 2008 Nanded will be Host to Gur-ta- Gaddi Tercentenary Celebrations marking the 300th anniversary of Parlok Gaman of Shri Guru Gobind Singhji as well as consecration of Shri Guru Granth Sahib as the eternal Guru of Sikhs. This event is planned to be celebrated with lot of fan and fervor, as over 2.5 million pilgrims are likely to visit Nanded.

The key events as part of the week-long Gur Ta Gaddi celebrations from October 24 to October 31, 2008 would include:

a. Takhat Snan (Holy Bath) – October 24, 2008

b. Diwali ) – October 25, 2008

c. Julus (Pre-event Procession) – October 26, 2008

d. Gur Ta Gaddi (commemorating consecration of Guru Granth Sahib) – October 27, 2008

e. Parlok Gaman (commemorating Guru Gobind Singh’s departure for his heavenly abode) – October 30, 2008

f. Julus (Closing Procession) – October 31, 2008

Large-scale festivities and celebrations are expected to begin from April-May 2008 onward with the celebration of Holi, followed by Baisakhi, Dussera and Diwali, before the Gur ta Gaddi tercentenary celebrations. Each of these events, in a normal course witness daily pilgrim turnovers of 75,000 to 100,000 – and the civic infrastructure is inadequate to service the inflow. It is expected that about 25 lakh pilgrims will visit Nanded in 2008 – the year that marks the tercentenary of the Gur ta Gaddi and other religious events related to Guru Gobind Singh’s last days before he left for his heavenly abode.

Given the poor state of civic services in Nanded, the city and district administrations will have to really gear up to meet the demands of the event and will have to ensure adequate infrastructure and logistics arrangements to address the needs of the large number of pilgrims expected to visit the city and to manage the event safely and successfully.

While this poses a major challenge to the Municipal Corporation and District Administration, the Municipal Corporation are viewing this as an opportunity to revive the city’s slowing economy and deteriorating quality of life through substantial investments in urban renewal, conservation and infrastructure development.

III. City Assessment: Analysis of the existing Situation

This section elucidates the current status, key issues and strategy options pertaining to various elements of city development, including:

a. Institutional Framework for Urban Management & Service Delivery

b. Demography and Economic Development

c. City Structure and Growth Management

d. City-wide Urban Basic Services

i. Water Supply

ii. Sewerage & Sanitation

iii. Storm Water Drainage

iv. Solid Waste Management

v. Transportation

vi. Fire services

vii. Housing

viii. Other Services (Health, Education, Recreation, other Social amenities)

e. Urban Basis Services in Slums

f. Municipal Finances

g. Gur ta Gaddi Tercentenary Celebrations and the City’s Preparedness for the Event

1. Institutional Framework for Urban Management & Service Delivery

The responsibility for local governance and management of the city of Nanded is vested with the Nanded-Waghala City Municipal Corporation (NWCMC). While NWCMC is responsible for overall development of the city, including provision and maintenance of core civic services, there are other agencies responsible for planning, development and provision of specific services in the city. Such key stakeholders include:

a. District Administration: The District Urban Development Agency domiciled in the District headquarters is responsible for planning and administration of specific schemes sponsored by the Government of Maharashtra, including poverty alleviation and housing for the poor, education and health services, slum development programs, etc.

b. Town Planning Department, Government of Maharashtra: This department, represented by an Additional Director of Town Planning based in Nanded, is responsible for preparation of Development Plan of the City as the provisions of Maharashtra Regional & Town Planning Act, 1966, while implementation of the Development Plan is the responsibility of Nanded Waghala City Municipal Corporation.

c. Maharashtra Jeevan Pradhikaran (MJP): This is a state nodal agency responsible for planning, design and implementation of public health engineering systems and infrastructure in urban and rural areas of the state. However, the role of this department in urban areas has been on the decline, as the local governments are increasingly preferring to carry out these activities by themselves, through external technical assistance.

d. Public Works Department (PWD): The Roads 7 Buildings Department of the state Public Works Department is responsible for development and maintenance of all non-municipal roads within municipal jurisdictions. These generally include the state highways, major and other district roads. The Irrigation Department of the PWD is responsible for the maintenance and upkeep of major drainage channels, rivers and tributaries.

e. Maharashtra State Electricity Development Company Limited (MSEDC): The MSEDC is responsible for planning, design and implementation of all power related infrastructure and services in the city. The existing connected load in the city is 90 MW.

f. Maharashtra State Road Transport Corporation (MSTRC): a State Transport Undertaking, operates City passenger bus service in few select routes and is also responsible for all inter-city / regional bus services to and from Nanded city.

g. Regional Transport Office (RTO): The Regional Transport Office is responsible for registration of vehicles, issue of permits, for commercial vehicles, regulation, emission control, issue of driving licenses, etc.

h. Traffic Police Department, Maharashtra Police: The traffic police department is responsible for traffic regulation and management in the city.

i. Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited. (BSNL): This is the largest telecom service provider in both the segments basic and cellular services in Nanded city. In addition, there are other private stakeholders like Bharti Tele Ventures Limited (Air Tel) Idea Cellular Limited, Reliance Infocomm Limited and Tata Tele Services Limited.

Table 2: Institutional Matrix for Urban Service Delivery

Sl.	Service / Function	Planning & Design	Implementation	Operation & Maintenance
1	Development Plan Preparation (Landuse Zoning & Regulations)	Town Planning Department, GoM	NWCMC	--
2	Water Supply*	MJP / NWCMC	MJP / NWCMC	NWCMC
3	Sewerage & Sanitation*	MJP / NWCMC	MJP / NWCMC	NWCMC
4	Storm Water Drainage	NWCMC	NWCMC	NWCMC
5	Solid Waste Management	NWCMC	NWCMC	NWCMC
6	Roads & Bridges	NWCMC/PWD	NWCMC/PWD	NWCMC/PWD
7	Street Lighting	NWCMC	NWCMC	NWCMC
8	Urban Transportation	MSRTC
9	Traffic Management	Traffic Police / NWCMC	Traffic Police	Traffic Police / NWCMC
10	Transport Registration & Regulation		RTO
11	Parks & Play fields	NWCMC	NWCMC	NWCMC
12	Health & Education	NWCMC / GoM	NWCMC / GoM	NWCMC / GoM
13	Fire Services	NWCMC	NWCMC	NWCMC
14	Slum Development	NWCMC	NWCMC	NWCMC
15	Poverty Alleviation Programs	DUDA / NWCMC	NWCMC	NWCMC

1.1. Nanded-Waghala City Municipal Corporation

Nanded Waghala City Municipal Corporation (NWCMC) was established on 26th March 1997, by merging Nanded Municipal Council and adjoining Waghala Municipal Council. The Corporation is constituted under the provisions of Bombay Provincial Municipal Corporations Act, 1949 and is also governed by the provisions of 74th Constitutional Amendments Act 1992(CAA). In addition to the Waghala Municipal Council, the following areas were merged with the NWCMC:

a. Vasarni Village

b. Kautha Village

c. Asarjan Village

d. Fatehjangpur Village

e. Asadwan Village and

f. CIDCO and HUDCO colonies

The total area under the NWCMC jurisdiction is 51.76 Sq.km, (5,176.66 Ha). Nanded City is divided in two parts i.e. Old Nanded (20.62 Sq.km) north of the Godavari river (on the left bank) and New Nanded (31.14 Sq.km) comprising of Waghala and six other newly merged villages and CIDCO area, south of the Godavari river (on the right bank).

1.1.1. Municipal Functions

The obligatory and discretionary functions of the municipal corporation are spelt out under sections 63 and 66 of BPMC Act 1949. The key functions carried out by NWCMC include:

a. Obligatory Functions

i. Public hospitals and dispensaries, vaccination, epidemic control and prevention of dangerous diseases, medical relief, family planning and welfare etc.

ii. Removing dangerous buildings etc.

iii. Solid Waste Management

iv. Drainage and sewerage systems

v. Water supply

vi. Roads, markets, slaughterhouses, washing places, drinking fountains, tanks, wells, etc.

vii. Fire Brigade

viii. Parks and leisure paces

ix. Street Lights

x. Disposal of dead bodies

xi. Regulating and preventing offensive and dangerous trades or practices

xii. Removing encroachment on Government properties

xiii. Registering of births and deaths

xiv. Primary Schools

xv. Welfare measures for scheduled castes and tribes, etc.

xvi. Establishing and maintaining relief work in times of scarcity or for destitute persons residing within Municipal limits

b. Discretionary Functions

i. Public hospitals and homes for destitute and disabled persons

ii. Grants and donations to privately run primary and secondary schools

iii. Treatment of sewerage and waste

iv. Town halls, shops, open air theaters, stadiums, rest houses

v. Transport

vi. Electricity and LPG supply

vii. Ceremonies, fairs, exhibitions etc.

viii. Destroy harmful animals

ix. Welfare of municipal employees

x. Sanitary dwellings for the poor

xi. Educational institutions

1.1.2. Organizational Structure of NWCMC

The organization structure comprises of an elected wing and an executive wing.

a. Elected Wing: The elected wing is represented by the General Body (GB) constituted by 73 elected members / Municipal Corporators and 5 co-opted members. The General Body together with Municipal Administrators and Departmental Heads formulate the framework for discharge of municipal functions, both obligatory and discretionary, of the Municipal Corporation. Apart from GB there are 5 Committees constituted with elected Members including Standing Committee of 16 elected Members, to address matters related to administration / provision of civic services in a most appropriate manner.

Figure 1: Organization Structure of NWCMC – Elected Wing

b. Executive Wing: The administrative or executive wing is headed by the Municipal Commissioner, appointed by the State Government. The Municipal Corporation is organized into five geographical Divisions for effective service delivery and management. Further, there are 24 multi-member electoral wards drawn for the purpose of the corporation elections, which also double up as administrative and management sub-divisions.

The executive wing is organized into 25 functional departments that are responsible for day-to-day functioning of the Municipal Corporation, including planning, engineering, operations & maintenance and other service delivery functions.

Figure 2: Organization Structure of NWCMC – Executive Wing

1.2. Key Issues & Strategy Options for Institutional Development

1.2.1. Issues & Observations

a. Limited institutional capability: NWCMC being a young Municipal Corporation, upgraded from a municipal council, has limited institutional and technical capacity to plan and implement projects. The limitations are in terms of inadequacy of number and appropriately qualified staff (the total manpower strength of NWCMC is about 2,100 against the estimated requirement of around 3,000 personnel for a city with a population size of about 500,000), and lack of technical capability for conceptualizing, planning and implementing city developmental works, as also in managing them.

b. Absence of appropriate Management Information System: Most of the systems and procedures in the ULB are traditional manual systems, involving maintenance of registers manually. Inadvertently, over time the record keeping has been inadequate and critical information required for planning and decision-making is often not available when required. This may be attributed to shortage of manpower as also the absence of a system of information maintenance and management.

c. Limited Computerization: Despite the availability of computers, their application is very limited, primarily due to the lack of customized software systems as also large levels of computer illiteracy.

1.2.2. Strategy Options

a. Capacity building through training and workshop: NWCMC, as part of its strategy to build in-house capacity, to train the existing manpower resource through medium of structured training programs and workshops. Focus to be on various elements including planning, project development, procurement, implementation, management, etc. Staff to be rotated inter-department in order to promote in multi-skilling and team building.

b. Capacity Building through Public Private Partnership: NWCMC to explore the option of sourcing of services from private sector agencies for design engineering and project management services including quality supervision and project monitoring. NWCMC will need to formulate a framework for promoting or facilitating PPP / PSP in project development using various tools of Concessioning or models of Build Operate Transfer (BOT) depending upon the project requirement.

c. Decentralization of municipal functions and activities: NWCMC to reorganize in a time-bound manner, the entire executive wing into zonal and ward level offices, with central planning and management functions at the central office and all day-to-day activities delegated to zonal and ward officers.

d. Development of a Computerized ERP System: NWCMC to develop a computerized management information system on an ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) framework based on a detailed study of systems and procedures. The system to be capable of generating vital information for a variety of planning, monitoring and decision making activities.

2. Demography and Economic Development

2.1. Demography

2.1.1. Population

The population of Nanded city, as per 2001 census was 430,733. The population of the city has grown from 126,518 in 1971 to the 2001 level of 430,733 at a CAGR of about 4.17 per cent.

Table 3: Population Trends in Nanded

Year	Population (Census)	Decadal Growth	CAGR	CAGR from 1971
1971	126,518	--	--	--
1981	191,269	51%	4.22%	4.22%
1991	309,316	62%	4.92%	4.57%
2001	430,733	39%	3.37%	4.17%

Source: Census of India

It may be noted from the above table that the population growth rate during the last decade (1991 to 2001) has been substantially lower than the previous decade. This, despite the fact that the municipal territorial jurisdiction more than doubled in area from 20.62 sq.km. in 1991 to 51.76 sq.km. in 2001.

Table 4 presents some of the key demographic data of Nanded city as per 2001 census.

Table 4: Demographic Data of Nanded City as per Census of India 2001

1	Total Number of Households	72,733
2	Total Population	430,733
	Male	224843
	Female	205890
3	Population density	183.05 persons/ha
4	Literacy Rate	81.50%
	Male Literacy	89%
	Female Literacy	73%
5	Average House Hold Size	5.92

Source: Census of India

2.2. Economic Base

Historically Nanded was known for its presence in the Textiles manufacturing sector due to the presence of Osmaan Shahi Textile Mills (Now known as Nanded Textile Mills Corporation), Cotton Research Center and Textile Corporation of Nanded. During the 1980s Nanded Textile Mills used to provide employment to around 10,000 people. However, the closure of these entities have affected the growth industrial activities in the city / region.

Currently, the economic base of Nanded city appears to be primarily reliant on the tertiary sector, more specifically on trade and commerce followed by education, tourism, health and transportation services. The workforce participation rate is about 23.66 percent (2001 Census), of which about 95.1 percent is in the tertiary sector. It may be observed from the following tables that the workforce participation rate has declined from 24.16 percent in 1991 to 23.66 percent in 2001. Also, the share of tertiary sector workforce in the total has increased from 93.28 percent to 95.1 percent. These are all indicators of declining employment opportunities.

Table 5: Occupation Pattern in Nanded (1991 Census)

Sl.	Occupation Category	No. of Workers			% Of Total
Sl.	Occupation Category	Male	Female	*Total*	Working Force	Population
1	Primary Sector	3684	621	1576	6.48	1.56
2	House Hold Industry	611	509	1120	1.69	0.41
3	Manufacturing	11146	1003	12149	18.29	4.41
4	Electricity, Gas & Water Supply.
5	Construction	6209	662	6871	10.34	2.5
6	Transport, Storage & Communication.	6571	92	6663	10.03	2.42
7	Banking & Insurance
8	Trade & Business	15982	590	16572	24.95	6.02
9	Services	15123	3621	18744	28.22	6.82
	TOTAL	59326	7098	63695	100	24.14

Table 6: Occupation Pattern in Nanded (2001 Census)

Sl.	Occupation Category	No. of Workers			% of Total
Sl.	Occupation Category	Male	Female	*Total*	Working Force	Population
1	Primary Sector	2388	814	3302	2.97	0.70
2	House Hold Industry	1205	1868	3073	2.76	0.65
3	Manufacturing	15023	1669	16692	15.00	3.55
4	Electricity, Gas & Water Supply.
5	Construction
6	Transport, Storage & Communication.
7	Banking & Insurance
8	Trade & Business
9	Services	77907	10411	88318	79.36	95.10
	TOTAL	96523	14762	111285	100	23.66

The current key economic drivers in the city are

a. Trade and commerce – catering to the local market and the rural hinterland

b. Pilgrim tourism related activities – supported by the estimated 1 million pilgrims that visit the Sachkand Gurudwara and other Gurudwaras in and around Nanded

c. Educational institutions – including the SRMT University and engineering, medical and law colleges that are regional facilities

d. Health facilities – represented by the public hospitals and several private clinics and health care facilities scattered around the city

According to a survey for enumerating population below poverty line (BPL) carried out in 1997, there were about 6,984 households below poverty line – about 10 percent of the 2001 population. The Municipal Corporation is responsible for implementation of the Government of India’s Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rojgar Yojana, aimed at benefiting BPL households.

2.2.1. Industrial infrastructure in Nanded City

Presently the city has two Industrial Estates. The Co-operative Industrial Estate is within the city and the other, MIDC just at the outskirts. MIDC has developed an industrial area of 271.90 hectors. Out of the 335 plots in this area 326 plots have been allotted to the various entrepreneurs. There are at present around 15 large-scale units and 900 odd small-scale units engaged in the manufacturing activities. Some of the prominent ones include Sipta Coated Steels Limited, Shiva Fertilizers, Kohinoor Feeds and Fats that are functioning well.

2.2.2. Trade and Commerce

Nanded being predominantly being an agrarian economy its trade and commerce in the city is also driven by the prospects in the agro-sector. Nanded has emerged as one of the important regional centers for trade and commerce because:

a. Of it’s being surrounded by 6 other districts including Parbhani, Latur and Osmanabad in the West, Yavatmal in the North, Bidar (Karnataka) in the south and Nizamabad and Adilabad (A.P) in the East. By virtue of Nanded being the largest urban center in the region it has emerged has one of the important hubs for trade and commerce particularly for agro-based products

b. Of its close proximity as well as good connectivity to other large urban centers like Nagpur, Hyderabad and Aurangabad

c. Historically, the city is known for its strength in trading of Cotton goods, particularly clothing and readymade goods. Nanded is also one of the big regional trading hub for Banana, Custard Apple, Lime / Sweet Lime, Soya Bean as they form the significant part of the agricultural produce apart from having good trade presences in Dals / Pulses.

2.2.3. Education Services

Nanded has a very vibrant education sector. There are institutions, which cater to students in various faculties of technical and non-technical sectors. There are institutions, which offers courses in Engineering, Medicine, Law, Management and Agriculture Sciences etc. This has resulted in Nanded having a large population of students from nearby cities studying in these Colleges. Nanded city has a literacy rate of 81.50%, one of the highest in the state with male literacy as high as 89% and female literacy at 73%.

Nanded is known for its contribution in the field of education. Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University established in the year 1994, is located on the outskirts of Nanded City. The colleges from Nanded, Parbhani, Hingoli & Latur Districts are affiliated to this University. In short period of time the University has emerged as one of the reputed universities in Maharashtra. Some of the departments of the University include

a. School of Earth Sciences

b. School of Astro physics

c. School of Life Sciences

d. School of Industrial Chemistry

e. School of Mathematics & Computational Sciences

f. School of Social Sciences

g. School of Management Sciences

Other important Institutions in Nanded City include

a. Shri Guru Gobind Singhji College of Engineering and Technology (SGGS) is one of the four autonomous Engineering colleges on the lines of VJTI, Mumbai and Pune Engineering College, Pune. It is one of the most reputed engineering colleges in Maharashtra. SGGS is one of the institutions which offered modern courses like textile engineering, water management, sugar technology, instrumentation etc unlike the traditional courses like civil/ mechanical/ electrical engineering in as early as 1982.

b. Mahatma Gandhi Missions College of Engineering and Management is one of the leading Education Missions having huge network allover Maharashtra

c. Govt. Medical College

d. Government Ayurvedic college

e. Peoples College Nanded

f. Law College (Graduation & Post-graduation) – one of the oldest in Marathwada region

g. Government Teachers’ Training College (B.ED & M.ED)

h. Science College Nanded

i. Sharada Bhavan Education Society

j. Pratibha Niketan College

k. Sanskrit Pathshala

l. Government Agriculture School

2.2.4. Health Care Services

Nanded has a reasonable presence of health care centers, however the same is highly inadequate considering the population size. Specialized medical centers are virtually non-existent. Most of the health care centers and hospitals are privately owned and are located in the old Nanded city.

Presently there are about 56 private hospitals & Maternity Homes, 145 dispensaries in the city apart from seven Hospitals and 12 Municipal dispensaries operated and managed by the Municipal Corporation. Total no. of beds including the private and public sector health care centers is estimated to be over 2000 numbers.

2.2.5. Pilgrim / Religious Tourism

Nanded City is conferred a status of “Holy City” by Government of Maharashtra due to the presence of the Sachkhand Gurudwara one of the five Takhats of Sikh religion - housing the Guru Granth Sahib and last resting place of last Sikh guru Shri Guru Gobind Singhji. By virtue of the presence of Sachkand Gurudwara, Nanded has emerged as an important tourism destination center of national and international significance with over 1.5 million tourists, mainly Sikhs, from all over the world visiting Nanded every year during Holi, Baisakhi, Dussera, Diwali and Parlok Gaman of Guru. Other tourist attractions of in and around Nanded include:

a. Mahur Renuka Mata Temple and Datta Shikar Temple

b. Aundha Nagnath Temple – One of the 10 jyothir lingas, situated in adjoining Hingoli District

c. 8 Gurudwaras linked to life and history of Shri Guru Gobind Singhji

d. 330 year old Masjid of Biloli

e. Unkeshwar Waterfalls in Kinvat Taluka

f. Kandhar Fort, Kandhar Taluka

g. Khandobha Temple in Malegaon- Known for its yatra (annual fair) where almost a million visitors come during the ten day long celebration during the month of December. This fair is famous for the huge turnover in trading of livestock (specially horses, donkeys, mules and camels), second only Pushkar in terms of the volume of trading

h. Vishnupuri Barrage and Kaleshwar Temple

i. Art of Hottal in Degloor Taluka – A beautiful Siddeshwar Temple known for Chalukyan era architecture

j. Nanded Fort in Nanded City

It is estimated that over 3 million tourist visit Nanded due to the presence of above mentioned attractions

A Brief on Key Tourist Attractions in Nanded

a. Sachkand and Other Gurudwaras

The Sachkand Gurudwara situated in Nanded City is one of the five Takhats of Sikhs is built in memory of Shri Guru Gobind Singhji, the 10^th and last living Guru of the Sikhs before consecration of Guru Granth Sahib. Sachkhand Gurudwara is one of the most sacred religious places for Sikhs as it was here that Shri Guru Gobind Singhji, declared the consecration of the Shri Guru Granth Sahib (Guru Ta Gaddi) as the eternal Guru of Sikh Religion and left for his heavenly abode in the year 1708.

Sachkhand Gurudwara and eight other historic Gurudwaras connected with events in the life of Shri Guru Gobind Singhji – attracts every year over 1 million pilgrims / tourists to Nanded. Most of these Gurudwaras are situated in the close vicinity of the City along the riverside except for couple of them that is situated at about 8-10 kms from the city. Most of the pilgrims visiting the Sachkhand Gurudwara also visit these Gurudwaras. Therefore Nanded holds tremendous significance to Sikhs as one of their foremost religious destination. It is part of their spiritual salvation circuit.

b. Shrikshetra Mahurgadh

A pilgrim Center of great significance. It is considered to be one of the Shaktipeeths of Maharashtra. The temple of Goddess Renuka Devi is situated on a hillock abounding in natural beauty at a distance of about 2.415 km. from the village of Mahur. The temple is said to have been constructed by a Yadava king of Devgiri about eight to nine hundred years ago. Around 5 – 6 lakh pilgrims visit Mahur during the Navaratri Festival – Dussera period.

c. Masjid of Biloli

The Masjid known as the Hazrat Nawab Sarfaraz Khan Sahid Masjid is said to have been constructed about 330 years back. Sarfaraz Khan was an officer in the army of Aurangzeb. The Masjid is constructed in stone has four minarets on the southern side, which collapsed when it was hit by a lightening in 1960. The one on the north has eight chains. Below the chains is a figure in the shape of a bell. To the northwest corner of the Masjid is a barrow (a well square in shape).

d. Unkeshvar

Unkeshvar is situated on the bank of river Penganga. The village is famous for its hot water springs. It is situated at a distance of 19 km from Ambadi, a railway station on Mudkhed – Adilabad railway route. At Unakdeva, there is a temple dedicated to the Lord Shiva. Near the temple is a holy tank. It was said to be the abode of the Sage Sarabhanga.

Two hot water tanks are located close by the temple. The tank water is said to cure skin diseases.

e. Kandhar Fort

Kandhar fort is situated in the heart of Kandhar Town. Encircling the fort, is a ditch filled with water. Its construction is attributed to the Rashtrakuta King Krishna III of Malkhed who styled himself as Kandharpuradhi Swar. Outside the Kandhar fort at some distance is a hillock on which is situated an old Idgah held in reverence by the Muslims. It is of Nizamsahi period with two domes in characteristic Ahmednagar style.

Tourism Infrastructure in Nanded City

Despite it potential in the tourism sector the hospitality infrastructure in Nanded is grossly underdeveloped. The city does not have good quality lodging facilities. Most of the hotels in the city have room capacities in the range of 15 to 45 catering to lower and middle end customers.

Other than the private hotels, Gurudwaras in Nanded are the largest providers of accommodation facilities offering over 2,000 rooms in the form of family rooms and dormitories – to pilgrims. There are about 640 restaurants / eateries in Nanded, including small and medium facilities. The following table provides a summary of the accommodation facilities in Nanded.

Table 7: Lodging Infrastructure in Nanded City

Sl.	Names of the Hotel / Lodging Service Provider	No. of Rooms Available
1	Godavari	18
2	Anuradha Palace	43
3	Ashiyana	25
4	Chandralok	21
5	Ramkrishna International	15
6	Taj Patil	35
7	Nirmal Palace	30
8	Guru	38
9	Bhaiji	21
10	Rohit	14
11	Nagarjun	18
12	Sachkhand Gurudwara – Yatri Nivas	800
13	Langar Sahib Gurudwara	1200

2.3. Key Issues & Strategies for Economic Growth

2.3.1. Issues & Observations

a. Industrial base in the city has almost died out with the closure of the textile mills and lackluster entrepreneurial response to the industrial estates in and around Nanded.

b. Education which was a key economic driver seems to have lost its primacy despite having established institutions of higher learning – there is a tremendous potential for revival of the sector around the already well established institutions in the city, including the SRTM University.

c. The cluster of Gurudwaras in the region is already attracting over 1 million pilgrim tourists per annum – however, their activities are confined to pilgrim related activities and do not contribute significantly to the economy of the city, probably due to lack of other tourist & leisure facilities that may be of interest to tourists.

d. The city has a rich natural heritage in the River Godavari. The river has been an integral functional element of the city for generations, but has lost its grace and utility over the years due to gross neglect on part of the city administration and citizens. The river offers substantial tourism potential, which is further enhanced by the presence of the Vishnupuri Barrage on the edge of the city. This dam holds large quantity of water all the year round and could be used as a major source for river rejuvenation and tourism attraction.

2.3.2. Strategy Options

Nanded has unique inherent economic drivers that could be nurtured and promoted in a systematic manner to generate high overall economic growth. The key inherent economic drivers for the city lie in the services sector, including tourism, education, health and trade & commerce. There is potential for industrial development in the region, as well, given the availability of water, land and a strategic regional setting by way of proximity to Aurangabad and Hyderabad.

Some of the strategy options include:

a. Promote industrial and overall economic development by capitalizing on inherent strengths like abundance of water and proximity to regional centers like Aurangabad, Nagpur and Hyderabad, - textile, agro processing units, etc.

b. Improving and strengthening regional connectivity

c. Developing infrastructure and leisure facilities in Nanded, aimed at providing a good quality of life - to attract and retain good quality manpower in the areas of hospitality, education, health care services industry managers and skilled workforce. NWCMC could consider the following strategies for tourism development:

d. Develop leisure/entertainment facilities in the immediate short term

e. Branding and marketing of Nanded in national, international context

f. Develop tourism supporting activities such as tourism circuits, kiosks, help line, travel/booking etc., shopping areas, hotels/yatri niwas

g. Develop riverfront including heritage walkway, bathing ghats and sanitation facilities

h. Develop heritage concepts such as Gurudwara Parikrama, heritage walk tracing history of Shri Guru Gobind Singh, experiencing events, historical model showcasing evolution and spread of Sikhism, souvenir marketing thru special religious handicrafts etc.

i. Positioning Nanded as a regional hub for education. The city already houses institutions for higher education such as the university, medical college, law college, engineering college, management, agri sciences and others, which attracts students from the region all around Nanded. This institutional set-up positions the city to develop strategies around the existing strengths and provide further opportunities in a dedicated manner for education purposes. This will provide supply of educated staff/ workforce, which would be required to support economic development of the city.

j. Capitalizing on the health facilities headway that Nanded enjoys in the region by virtue of the Government Medical College & Hospital, Ayurvedic College & Hospital and several private healthcare facilities. Nanded should explore the demand and possibility for promoting a dedicated health care center aimed at servicing the region.

3. City Structure and Growth Management

3.1. City Sprawl & Structure

The total area of Nanded city (NWCMC) is 51.76 sq.km. The city is divided in two parts i.e. Old Nanded Town (20.62) Sq Kms) located North of the Godavari and Waghala area along with newly merged 6 villages (31.14 Sq. Kms) in the South.

However, the provision of infrastructure services predominantly covers only the old Nanded as close to 89% (4,50,000) of the estimated current population (about 5,00,000) is located in this area and hardly 11% (54,000) of the population lives in Waghala and other areas predominantly located at CIDCO area admeasuring 191 Ha - the only planned development in the area. Out of the total property of 72,733 in the NWCMC limits, only 11,000 properties are located in the newly merged Waghala Area and other villages. In addition there are urban fringe areas with a population of about 80,000 around the city that rely on the municipal infrastructure systems. These areas include:

a. Taroda (50,000)

b. Wajegaon (8,000)

c. Tuppa, Dhanegaon, Gopalchawdi (7,000)

d. Vishnupuri (4,000)

e. Wadi (4,000) and

f. Nasratpur-Hassapur-Waghi (7,000)

g. Other smaller villages like Kamtha and Gadegaon

The Manmad-Secunderabad railway line further divides old Nanded City into two parts. The area south of the railway line is the old city area and all the important government offices are located in this area. This area is thickly populated and heavily congested due to the presence of Railway Station, Govt. Hospital, Nanded Textile Mills, Government offices and Institutions, Old Mondha, Sachkand Gurudwara and large scale commercial and residential buildings. Godavari River flows through this area and hence the ground dips from North to south i.e. towards the riverbank. Due to inadequate connectivity and the barrier posed by the railway line development in the city is largely sandwiched between the river Godavari and the railway line. Further a large piece of land south of the railway line is locked in the Cotton Research Center located on the northeastern side of the city.

Figure 3 presents a map of the city of Nanded.

The current population of North Nanded is estimated to be about 450,000, resulting in a gross population density of over 210 persons per Ha (pph) against the general norm of 150 pph. The density across north Nanded is also varied, with the core / old city areas having densities of over 300 pph. North Nanded, thus appears to have reached a saturation level in terms of population accommodation, with some scope for re-densification in the northern fringe areas

Development of new housing stock is going on in all sectors of the city except sector “C” – the Gaothan area – which does not have sufficient amenities and good road circulation pattern.

The erstwhile Waghala Municipal council area and newly merged villages, now constituting South Nanded is mostly undeveloped, housing a population of about 54,000 over 31.4 sq.km. Most of this population is housed in the CIDCO Township. There is a scope and need for a planned development of this part of the city through appropriate and adequate connectivity and service provision, so as to ease the development of pressure in North Nanded and guide development in South Nanded in a phased manner.

The Development Plan for this area is under preparation, which when completed and approved will be critical to the development of this area.

3.2. Growth Management / Development Plan

The Development Plan (DP) is the primary growth management tool available to the Local Authorities to guide development of the city in a planned manner. It is mandatory for the local authorities, under Section 23, read with Section 38 of the Maharashtra Regional and Town planning Act, 1966, to prepare a Development Plan. NWCMC is in the process of preparation of its revised DP for the period 2004-15 with assistance from the Town Planning Department of GoM. The revised DP for North Nanded is already approved, while that for South Nanded is under preparation.

The existing landuse in North Nanded (1996) and proposed landuse as per the revised DP for 2004-15 are presented in Table 8 and Table 9respectively, while Figure 4 presents the proposed landuse map for North Nanded by 2015

Figure 3: Map of Nanded City

Text Box: Godavari river,Text Box: Godavari river

Table 8: Existing Landuse of North Nanded, 1996

Sl.	CATEGORY OF USE	SECTOR WISE AREA IN Ha							% DEVELOPED AREA (1996)	% TO THE TOTAL AREA	TOTAL AREA (Ha)
Sl.	CATEGORY OF USE	A	B	C	D	E	F	G	% DEVELOPED AREA (1996)	% TO THE TOTAL AREA	TOTAL AREA (Ha)
1	Residential	75.16	107.22	45.43	27.96	67.49	62.14	30.11	42.14	20.14	415.51
2	Commercial	1.78	12.02	1.41	0.79	4.08	10.42	3.06	3.40	1.63	33.56
3	Industrial	6.09	19.35	0.46	1.74	NIL	11.84	19.26	5.96	2.85	58.74
4	Public-Semi Public	51.78	56.99	0.22	2.82	14.57	27.11	22.73	17.87	8.54	176.22
5	Recreational/Public Utility	1.02	3.49	NIL	3.32	0.87	0.36	0.17	0.93	0.45	9.23
6	Transportation & Communication	37.03	125.95	21.34	10.55	12.43	27.65	18.64	25.72	12.30	253.59
7	Open Space	11.31	19.05	4.43	0.48	2.13	0.80	1.07	3.98	1.90	39.27
	*TOTAL DEVELOPED*	*184.17*	*344.07*	*73.29*	*47.66*	*101.57*	*140.32*	*95.04*	*100.00*	*47.81*	*986.12*
8	Water Bodies	0.7	1.34	0.5	NIL	NIL	NIL	6.58		0.44	9.12
9	Agricultural	38.08	15.13	166.88	140.58	21.81	38.69	48.9		22.79	470.07
10	Vacant & Barren Land	94.38	168.58	52.05	105.41	38.42	47.81	90.58		28.96	597.17
	*TOTAL UN-DEVELOPED*	*133.16*	*185.05*	*219.43*	*245.99*	*60.23*	*86.5*	*146.06*		*52.19*	*1076.56*
	TOTAL	317.33	529.12	292.72	293.65	161.8	226.82	241.1		100.00	2062.48

Table 9: Proposed Landuse in North Nanded, 2015

Sl.	CATEGORY OF USE	SECTOR WISE AREA IN Ha							% TO THE TOTAL AREA	TOTAL AREA (Ha)
Sl.	CATEGORY OF USE	A	B	C	D	E	F	G	% TO THE TOTAL AREA	TOTAL AREA (Ha)
1	Residential	162.75	181.85	165.82	173.55	89.33	120.4	69.91	46.71	963.61
2	Commercial	3.21	12.96	11.62	5.83	4.47	12.31	3.82	2.63	54.22
3	Industrial	5.69	18.34	NIL	1.74	2.68	NIL	12.96	2.02	41.41
4	Public-Semi Public	58.12	121.1	11.82	12.67	10.66	27.91	29.99	13.20	272.27
5	Recreational/Public Utility	2.39	6.58	2.35	2.96	2.13	0.61	3.49	0.99	20.51
6	Transportation & Communication	45.28	136.73	66.32	35.17	14.39	32.66	29.60	17.46	360.15
7	Open Space	39.13	40.56	26.69	21.22	10.04	17.71	27.31	8.87	182.66
	*TOTAL DEVELOPED*	*316.57*	*518.12*	*284.62*	*253.14*	*133.70*	*211.60*	*177.08*	*91.87*	*1894.83*
8	Water Bodies	0.70	NIL	NIL	NIL	NIL	NIL	6.56	0.35	7.26
9	Agricultural	NIL	11.00	8.10	40.51	28.10	15.22	57.46	7.77	160.39
	*TOTAL UN-DEVELOPED*	*0.70*	*11.00*	*8.10*	*40.51*	*28.10*	*15.22*	*64.02*	*8.12*	*167.65*
	TOTAL	317.27	529.12	292.72	293.65	161.8	226.82	241.1	100.00	2062.48

Figure 4: Proposed Landuse Plan of Nanded, 2015

3.3. Key Issues & Strategy Options for Growth Management

3.3.1. Key Issues & Observations

a. The current population is largely concentrated in the core city area, resulting in enormous stress on the infrastructure concentration in core city area and deteriorating quality of life, apart from increasing disaster vulnerability.

b. The primary barriers to the urban sprawl are the inadequate coverage of infrastructure throughout the city and the barriers in the form of river, railway line that pose connectivity and transit inconvenience.

c. Large tracts of undeveloped land in South Nanded, where NA permissions have been procured, but development hasn’t kick started primarily due to inadequate connectivity between north and south Nanded, absence of public transport facilities and lack of other basic infrastructure facilities.

d. There is a pressure on city’s infrastructure systems from fringe areas that rely on the city for economic as well as other services. These areas need to be considered while planning for infrastructure development in Nanded, as they would eventually constitute part of the larger urban agglomeration.

3.3.2. Strategy Options

NWCMC should make a conscious effort at controlling the city sprawl in a phased and planned manner, adopting best practices in urban development and planning norms. There is an opportunity in the form of availability of large undeveloped tracts of land in south Nanded, where development can be planned and regulated in a phased manner. The growth management strategy should thus focus on:

a. Controlling and guiding urban sprawl in a phased manner applying modern principles of physical planning and growth management

b. Planning and providing for infrastructure, including connectivity in line with the intended growth plan, rather than attempting to only service already congested areas – the focus should be on dispersing growth more evenly across the city.

c. Applying innovative methods of using land as a resource to finance development, like TDR, FSI banks and land pooling mechanisms like the TP Scheme, etc.

d. Formation of a Special Planning Authority covering NWCMC and urban fringe areas, under provisions of the MRTP Act, 1966 to arrest indiscriminate sprawl and ensure equitable and sustainable urban development

4. Heritage Restoration and Conservation

4.1. Existing Situation

Nanded city had its origin in ancient times. The famed Godavari River revered as the Ganga of Central India flows through the central part of the city from west to east virtually dividing the city in two parts. The historic core of the city lies on the north bank of the Godavari River. The town at present is famous for Sikh Gurudwaras and temples. The Gurudwara Sachkhand Shri Hazur Abchalnagar Sahib is the most famous one out of the eight existing in the city. The city is the second most sacred pilgrimage center for Sikhs after Amritsar It is also the place of birth of Saint poets like Vishnupant Sesa and Raguhunath Sesa and Vaman Pandit besides being a Center for learning Sanskrit. There numerous ghats like Nagina Ghat, Banda Ghat, Govardhan Ghat, Bhim Ghat, Shikar Ghat, Nav Ghat, etc. along the northern bank of the river.

The physical evidences of the city’s past can be found scattered in the narrow lanes of the historic core. In the absence of conservation initiatives and legalisations regarding heritage rapid urban development is threatening the historic core. Modern construction is replacing the traditional fabric. There is loss of continuity of traditional spaces, architectural form, style and activities. As a result the historic core is slowly but steadily losing its identity.

4.1.1. Urban Morphology

The historic core area of the city has an organic structure. The network of main linkages has created urban blocks. These urban blocks house a variety of building types or Urban elements serviced by an intricate network of lanes known as galies. The network of galies along with different types of structures and open spaces creates a socio-spatial entity known as Mohalla (neighborhood), which is unique to the morphology of the historic area. Mohallas often have a defined entrance gateway with regulated entry. The entrance gateway ushers into a common open space in which entrances of individual dwelling units open. A Mohalla has a distinct social structure and therefore acts as an organizational base for local community identity and cultural activities. Mohallas are known by the name of the founder or an eminent person, e.g. Vazirabad, etc; location of a landmark such as a house, temple, mosque, math, ghats, e.g. Sidhnathpuri (Temple), etc; Nagina Ghat (Ghat); presence of a mound or hillock, e.g. Kumbhar Tekdi, etc; province or language of origin, caste, religion of residents e.g. Brahmpuri, etc; occupation of residents Sarafa (Jewelers Market), etc.

The historic area has a dense grained structure. The structures sitting on individual land parcels are built to edge in nature with open spaces incorporated within them. Thus urban space in the historic area follows a hierarchy moving from the public to the private realm. The streets, chowks and open spaces have a public character; the galies and open spaces within the Mohallas are semi-public in nature while space within the structures is strictly private in nature.

4.1.2. Urban Linkages

The historic core is an organic mesh of streets and lanes locally known as galies punctuated with squares and open spaces. The streets developed on pedestrian scale with narrow widths sufficient to allow movement of palanquins, hand carts and other slow moving means of transport. They curve and turn gently opening and closing mysterious views adding suspense to the movement. These linkages can be divided into:

a. Primary Streets: The width of these streets is the maximum. There is specialization of commercial activities and tremendous social interaction on these streets. Architectural features are richer and more frequent. Example: Killa road, etc.

b. Secondary Streets: These streets run perpendicular to the primary streets and end up in a tertiary street or a cul-de-sac. Their width is less than the primary streets. Some commercial activity flows into them. Example: Manyar Gali, Rangar Gali, etc.

c. Tertiary Streets: The tertiary streets are purely residential with few small shops. The height-width ratio is such that they remain shaded for most part of the day. Example: Narsingh Gali, etc.

4.1.3. Urban Elements

Diverse activity pattern in the historic area has given rise to different types of Urban Elements. The types have typologies that have evolved over several generations. The various urban elements existing in the historic area are:

a. Wada: A Wada is a large dwelling unit. It is a typical living unit with a well-defined entrance gateway, Dhalaja (semi-public meeting space) near the main entrance. The main entrance opens into a courtyard, and across it is the main building, which consists of an open osri or verandah extending the width of the court, and supported on wooden posts. This verandah is sometimes double, the inner portion being raised a step above the outer; and several doors in the back wall, open into second court, or into small rooms, which are used as sleeping chambers, stores, puja room and cooking apartments. A staircase is provided for access to the first floor. On the terrace there is another small staircase like a watchtower with a small platform sufficient for 2-3 people to stand. This is the highest point in the house. Some houses also have subterranean rooms. There is provision for storing water inside the house either in small tanks or pots fixed in a platform.

b. Bazaars: A bazaar is a commercial Street specializing in a particular commodity e.g. Sarafa gali specializing in gold work, Rangar gali specializing in cloth, etc.

c. Temples: Temples are places of Hindu worship. Temples in Nanded are sometimes part of individual houses also. They possess religious importance and sanctity and are places of social get together. The deities of the standard Hindu pantheon who have temples dedicated to them are Balaji, Datta, Ganapati, Krishna, Narsimha, Rama, Visnu or Laksminarayan and Vitthal or Vitthal-Rukmini. Siva temples are also found under the various names such as Mahadev, Kaleshwar, Siddhesvar, Nageshvar, etc. Example: Narsimha Mandir, Balaji Mandir, Nagesvar Temple, Rama Temple, Hanuman Mandir, Ganesh Mandir, Ganpati Mandir, Renuka Mata Mandir, Ganga Mandir, etc. Deepmala a unique feature for lighting oil lamps resembling a multi-faceted pillar is associated with some temples.

d. Maths: These evidently commemorate memory of a holy person or enshrine the smadhi of a swami (head of a religious order or establishment). Example: Balgir Maharaj Ka Math, Shankracharya Math, Shri Narain Swami Math, etc.

e. Dargah: Religious place of the Muslims in which some Pir (Muslim saint) or saint-like persons have found deifications. Example: Badi Dargah,

f. Mosque: A mosque is a religious place of worship of the Muslim community. There are several mosques in Nanded. Example: Jama Masjid, Sarah Masjid, etc.

g. Gurudwara: Gurudwara is the religious place of worship of the Sikh community. There are several Gurudwaras in Nanded, which commemorate different events in Guru Govind Singhji’s life when he stayed in the city. Example: Gurudwara Sachkhand Shri Hazur Abchalnagar Sahib, Gurudwara Hira Ghat, Gurudwara Mata Sahib, Gurudwara Shikar Ghat, Gurudwara Banda Ghat, Gurudwara Mal Tekdi Sahib, Gurudwara Sangath Sahib, etc.

The Sachkhand Gurudwara is among the most prominent religious / cultural element of the city, by virtue of which Nanded has been conferred a Holy City status by Government of Maharashtra. This Gurudwara represents one of the five Takhats of the Sikh religion – the other four being Akal Takhat Sahib at Amritsar, Takhat Patna Sahib at Patna, Takhat Kesgarh Sahib at Anandpur and Takhat Damdama Sahib, district Bhatinda.

h. Fort: The fort was built by the Mughals and is surrounded by the Godavari on three sides. Its bastions stand at a height of about 18.288 m to 19.812 m. it is located on the highest point along the bank of the river.

i. Mondha: Mondha is a very unique feature of the historic area. It is a large square defined by built structures that house the godown. This was the traditional trading place for the agricultural produce.

j. Ghat: Ghat is a structure that provides access to the river for various purposes like, religious worship, washing, recreation, cremation, etc. They are usually named after an important person, activity focused in the vicinity, or commemorate an important event, etc. Example: Nagina Ghat, Banda Ghat, Heera Ghat, Mondha Ghat, etc.

k. Baoli: Baoli is a structure for accessing water. It is always associated with a well. It comprises of a flight of steps that lead to the water level. There are shaded spaces in the baoli that act as resting places. Example: Baoli near Mafco.

l. Wells: There are a few traditional community wells at the neighborhood level as well as sometimes within the structures.

4.1.4. Architectural Style

The built form has developed a built to edge character, responding to the street in the form of chabutras, balconies and verandahs, fostering close interaction between the occupants and the passers by on the streets. The historic structures are vernacular in character with Late Mughals and Colonial architectural features, materials and building technology adapted into local traditions. Mostly the traditional residential buildings are medieval ones from the 18th and 19th centuries with few temples, mosques and dargahs before the 18th century. Late Mughal features like the cusped arches, niches, pillars, etc. can be widely seen. Wooden element like door and window frames, shutters, and brackets are beautifully carved with motifs of flowers, birds, gods and goddesses, etc. Colonial features like vaults, segmental arches, jack arch roof, etc. have been incorporated in the buildings of the later period.

4.1.5. Construction Technology and Building Materials

The walls are constructed of locally available fine dressed black stone masonry in lime mortar till the dado level and beyond it with fine finished thin burnt bricks (size 21cmx11cmx4cm). The external surfaces of the stone and brick masonry are finished with pointing while the interior of the wall is plastered with lime and generally white or color washed. The flooring is generally of lime or stone slabs. Steps have been made in fine dressed stone blocks. The roof generally either consists of timber rafters with country or Mangalore tiles or is of bricks laid on edge, resting on strong wooden beams which run from wall to wall. Bricks are specially moulded in different shapes to make arches, pillars, etc. Wooden brackets supporting the roof are beautifully carved. Lintels and door and window frames and shutters are also of wood. The wood frequently used is teak. This construction technology is followed in traditional structures with few exceptions such as in the Badi Dargah the Ladao roofing of brick on edge has been done. Depending upon the period of construction vaults, segmental arches and jack arch roofing have also been used.

4.1.6. Community Structure

Strong community structure, close knit and vital social life is a unique feature of the historic area. The communities that inhabit the area are mainly Hindus (Marathis), Muslims, Sikhs, Marwaris, etc. People from the same community live together. For example certain pockets in the Historic Area are dominated by a particular Muslim community, the Marathis, the Marwaris, etc.

4.1.7. Activity Pattern

There is multiple usage of urban space in the Historic area. The work place and residence of the people are close by and often coincide. Within the streets there is specialisation of commercial activity for example Sarafa gali specialises in gold jewellery work, Rangar Gali deals in cloths, etc. The inter-connecting network of primary, secondary and tertiary streets fosters close community living. Rather than being mere means of commutation they reflect a variety of everyday human activities of work, recreation, commerce and informal interactions making them public places. They also function as spaces for organisation of festivals and social gatherings.

4.1.8. Walking Down the Historic Area: Visual and Aural Experiences

The urban fabric of the historic area is very tightly knit so that the street feels like an elongated courtyard carved out of a dense building mass. This creates a sense of place and fosters close social and cultural interactions amongst the residents creating a binding with the place. Due to slight meanderings in the streets there are changing views that create a sense of mystery. There is a clear hierarchy of spaces that encourages different levels of social participation. Even visitors casually walking down the galies are offered welcome glances.

The sight of the temples, gurudwaras, mosques, dargahs all provide orientation as one moves down the narrow galies. The smell of flowers, the gold shops, the ringing of the temple bells, the call of the azaan, the fresh burning incense, the rhythmic singing of the mendicant, the sound of the Godavari River flowing close by all stimulate the senses as one moves through the historic area.

The historic area is transparent and informative. The aesthetically built traditional houses and other landmarks are appealing to the eyes and engage an individual in silent conversation. They are like an old person full of knowledge and wisdom accumulated over centuries, just waiting to be heard.

4.1.9. The River Godavari

The River Godavari, referred to as the Dakshin Ganga is the largest river n south India. The river originates in Nasik/ Tryambakeshwar and meanders through a 500 km path before entering Nanded District. It snakes through about 150 km in Nanded District before leaving the state of Maharashtra into Andhra Pradesh. The span of the river within the city of Nanded and its immediate region has the largest trough. Nanded city has about 8 km of riverfront, as the river almost bisects the city.

The River Godavari has a very strong historic, cultural and religious significance. The origin of Nanded city is believed to have commenced on the banks of the Godavari River (as is the case in many Indian cities). The river used to be a core functional and cultural element of the city – but has been neglected over the years and is in a sad state today. The cultural / religious significance of the River Godavari is briefly illustrated by the following facts:

a. The Sikh religion has the greatest place for River Godavari in their worship (Mahanata). A dip in the Godavari is a must before visiting Sachkhand Gurudwara. Takhat Snan (Holy Bath) is an annual event celebrated at the Godavari River. The Sikh Head Priest (Jathedar) undertakes a ritualistic procession to the River banks everyday at 2:30 a.m.

b. There are seven Gurudwaras on the northern bank, each associated in some way to the life and daily rituals of Shri Guru Gobind Singh

c. River Godavari is the southern equivalent of the Kumbh Mela – for a holy bath on a PARVA is undertaken at the River Godavari

d. Nanded is the Nabhisthan (center point) of Godavari

e. The Vishnupuri Barrage on the edge of the city holds about 40 km of water column upstream, which, apart from its irrigation and drinking water functionalities offer a tremendous potential for recreation and inland water transport

f. There are a number of major historical temples, mosques and dargas on its bank

4.2. A Case for Conservation

4.2.1. Significance of the Historic Area

A. Assessment of Conservation Value

This section sets out the cultural significance of the city through an assessment of the conservation values of local, regional, national and international importance. Understanding the full significance of cultural base of Nanded is the basis for making informed and effective management decisions and is therefore fundamental. It will assist in ensuring that the heritage values are protected for future generations and managed properly in the context of the wider city.

B. Religious Value

The built and un-built spaces are a symbol of the spiritual belief of the people not only from the local community and region but also as a whole from all over India especially the Sikhs.

C. Historic Value

The associations with numerous notable people from art, literature, the aristocracy and royalty, and politics have enriched the history and development of the city. Example: place of birth of Saint